Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Simultaneously targeting inflammatory response and parasite sequestration in brain to treat Experimental Cerebral Malaria.

doi: 10.1038/srep12671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Curcumin suppressed markers of inflammation in the brain. P. berghei-infected mice were treated with curcumin as described in Fig. 1 and qPCR analysis was carried out on day 7 post infection from RNA isolated from brain or olfactory bulb. (a) CXCR3, CXCL9, CXCL10, granzyme B and CD8β in brain. (b) Inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecule in the brain. (c) Inflammatory chemokine receptor and its ligands in olfactory bulb. The data are normalized to 18S rRNA and given as fold changes with respect to RNA from the brain of uninfected animals. The experiments were repeated thrice.

Article Snippet: CXCL10 chemokine, TNFα cytokine levels were detected using Krishgen biosystems ELISA kits.

Techniques: Infection, Isolation

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Simultaneously targeting inflammatory response and parasite sequestration in brain to treat Experimental Cerebral Malaria.

doi: 10.1038/srep12671

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Effect of AC treatment on survival and associated markers after the onset of symptoms of ECM. Curcumin, AE and AC treatments were given beyond 12 h after the onset of symptoms (day 8 or 9 post infection) but before the coma stage. (a) Effect of drug treatments on survival of mice. AE was used at different sub-optimal concentrations ranging from 250 μ g to 650 μ g and given as a single injection. Curcumin was given in 3 oral doses. Survival curve analysis was carried out by Kaplan-Meier plot and P values calculated by Log- rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The experiment was carried out with 5 animals in each group and the experiment repeated twice. (b) Parasitemia in blood of the drug treated animals. (c) RT-PCR analysis of parasite 18S rRNA, CXCL10 and TNFα in the brain in the early stage after the drug treatments (day 12, AE 650 μ g). The experiment was repeated twice and the data represent mean ± SD from five animals in each group.

Article Snippet: CXCL10 chemokine, TNFα cytokine levels were detected using Krishgen biosystems ELISA kits.

Techniques: Infection, Injection, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chemokines protect vascular smooth muscle cells from cell death induced by cyclic mechanical stretch

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15867-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of transcripts of candidate genes in RASMCs subjected to CMS. RASMCs were subjected to CMS for four hours, and expressions of transcripts of Cxcl1 ( a ), Cx3cl1 ( b ), Cxcl6 ( c ), Ccl12 ( d ), Nr4a1 ( e ), NOS2 ( f ), Mmp9 ( g ), Mmp13 ( h ), and Hspa1b ( i ) were evaluated using the real-time RT-PCR method. The quantity of the transcripts is expressed as a percentage of the control, normalized with respect to GAPDH. Data are means ± SE (n = 4); *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus control, and N.S. indicates no significant difference.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for rat CXCL1 and CX3CL1 were purchased from RayBiotech, Inc. (Norcross, GA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chemokines protect vascular smooth muscle cells from cell death induced by cyclic mechanical stretch

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15867-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Induction of CXCL1 and CX3CL1 in RASMCs subjected to CMS. RASMCs were incubated with SP600125 (20 μM) for 20 min and then subjected to CMS for four hours. Cells were harvested and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR with specific primers for Cxcl1 ( a ) or Cx3cl1 ( b ) or by immunoblotting using the anti-CX3CL1 antibody ( e ), and media were analyzed using ELISA for CXCL1 ( c ) or CX3CL1 ( d ). ( f ) The quantity of CX3CL1 expressed in RASMCs, as measured by scanning densitometry, is expressed as a percentage of the control, normalized with respect to beta-actin. Data are means ± SE (n = 3), and N.S. indicates no significant difference. RASMCs were incubated with BAY 11-7082 (5 µM) for 20 min and then subjected to CMS for four hours. Cells were harvested and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR with specific primers for Cxcl1 ( g ) or Cx3cl1 ( h ). The uncropped pictures of immuoblotting are shown in Supplemental Fig. ( a , b ).

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for rat CXCL1 and CX3CL1 were purchased from RayBiotech, Inc. (Norcross, GA).

Techniques: Incubation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Chemokines protect vascular smooth muscle cells from cell death induced by cyclic mechanical stretch

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15867-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of CXCL1 and CX3CL1 accelerated cell death induced by CMS. RASMCs were incubated with SB265610 ( a – d ) or 18a ( e – h ) at the indicated concentrations and then incubated under normal conditions ( a , b , e , f ) or subjected to CMS for four hours ( c , d , g , h ). After CMS, the cells were incubated for 24 h, and cell viability and cell death were evaluated by the MTT assay ( a , c , e , g ) and the release of LDH ( b , d , f , h ), respectively. Cell viability and cell death are expressed as a percentage of the control. Data are means ± SE (n = 6); *p < 0.05 versus control, and N.S. indicates no significant difference; ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for rat CXCL1 and CX3CL1 were purchased from RayBiotech, Inc. (Norcross, GA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Incubation, MTT Assay